Iron Contents in Rice Food Derived from the Iron Pot, and In Vitro Study Regarding Heme Oxygenase-1 Activity / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: Iron pots have long been used for cooking in several countries. Early studies have shown that the use of such iron pots can increase the iron content of food cooked in them and that this increased iron content has some effect on iron uptake. This study was designed to evaluate the iron content in rice cooked in a traditional iron pot and study the iron uptake by macrophages through heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).METHODS: The iron pot used in this study was round-shaped and had no legs. The iron content of rice cooked in the iron pot was measured. Thereafter, the bioavailability of iron was measured using western blot analysis.RESULTS: A total of 35 samples were analyzed for iron concentrations, which were 10.94±18.08 mg/L (range: 0.18–56.53 mg/L). The biochemical activity in most of materials was 1.5–9 times that of the activity observed in the control group.CONCLUSION: The iron concentration of rice cooked in iron pots were found to be relatively high. The introduction of iron pots in routine cooking practices may be a promising way of increasing the supply of iron, especially for people with severe iron deficiency anemia. Further, increased activity of HO-1, induced by supplementation of iron from the cast iron, may help in maintaining iron homeostasis.

Iron Contents in Rice Food Derived from the Iron Pot, and In Vitro Study Regarding Heme Oxygenase-1 Activity / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: Iron pots have long been used for cooking in several countries. Early studies have shown that the use of such iron pots can increase the iron content of food cooked in them and that this increased iron content has some effect on iron uptake. This study was designed to evaluate the iron content in rice cooked in a traditional iron pot and study the iron uptake by macrophages through heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). METHODS: The iron pot used in this study was round-shaped and had no legs. The iron content of rice cooked in the iron pot was measured. Thereafter, the bioavailability of iron was measured using western blot analysis. RESULTS: A total of 35 samples were analyzed for iron concentrations, which were 10.94±18.08 mg/L (range: 0.18–56.53 mg/L). The biochemical activity in most of materials was 1.5–9 times that of the activity observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: The iron concentration of rice cooked in iron pots were found to be relatively high. The introduction of iron pots in routine cooking practices may be a promising way of increasing the supply of iron, especially for people with severe iron deficiency anemia. Further, increased activity of HO-1, induced by supplementation of iron from the cast iron, may help in maintaining iron homeostasis.

A study of mothers knowledge of weaning of infants with iron-deficiency anemia / 소아과

Purpose: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is still one of the most common nutrient deficiency disorders, despite improvements in general health and nutrition. This study was designed to investigate the diagnostic values of hematological profiles, including the level of ferritin, and to evaluate the knowledge of mothers on weaning practices for infants and young children with IDA. Methods: This study was conducted on 111 infants and young children from six to 40 months of age with IDA. Their parents completed a questionnaire. IDA was defined as a level of hemoglobin 10 ng/dL) was 48.6%, in spite of IDA. Seventy-four infants (66.7%) began to wean between four and six months, and 37 infants (33.3%) after seven months of age. The main food given after weaning was rice gruel. The weaning periods showed a significant relationship to the severity of anemia (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the severity of anemia in terms of the educational levels of the mothers. Fifty-five mothers (49.5%) gave a wrong answer to a questionnaire describing that breast-fed infants aged over four months need to be fed with iron-sufficient food. Of all mothers, 49.6% took one month or more to complete the weaning process and 20% took three months or more. Conclusion: Many infants and young children with IDA have been provided with non-iron fortified foods and inadequate weaning. To improve nutritional status, especially among infants with iron deficiencies, nutritional education for mothers with infants at the weaning age must be increased and related programs must be implemented effectively.

Revaluation of Neonatal Screening Test for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia / 대한소아내분비학회지

PURPOSE: Newborn screening based on measurement of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) in a dried blood spot on filter paper is an effective tool for early diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. High levels of 17-OHP are frequently observed in premature infants without CAH. The purpose of this study is to evaluate cut-off limits of 17-OHP on the basis of gestational age and birth weight. METHODS: A total of 1,218 newborn were screened for CAH by measuring blood spot 17-OHP concentration. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method (Bayer(TM), Neonate 17-OHP Kit, Tokyo, Japan) was used. The values were analyzed on the basis of birth weight and gestational age at birth to decide the appropriate cut-off limits in neonatal mass screening for 21-hydroxylase deficiencies. RESULTS: In the neonatal mass screening for CAH, the median value of 17-OHP in the subject population was 3.13 ng/mL (0-62.3 ng/mL). Median values of 17-OHP of full term infants and premature infants were 2.44 ng/mL (0.03-27.1 ng/mL) and 4.85 ng/mL (0.06-62.3 ng/mL). 17-OHP levels are higher in preterm infants, and decrease in relation to gestational age (P or =2,500 g] infants and low birth weight (BW<2,500 g) infants were 2.57 ng/mL (0-32.40 ng/mL) and 5.02 ng/mL (0.06-62.30 ng/mL). 17-OHP levels increased with decreasing birth weight (P<0.01). When we applied 99.5 percentile, the cutoff levels were 18.33 ng/mL in normal birth weight infants and 56.46 ng/mL in low birth weight infants. Recall rates were markedly decreased when these cutoff levels were applied; 30.2-fold decrease in gestational age <30 wks and 8.2-fold decrease in birth weight <1,000 g. CONCLUSION: The screening for CAH using 17-OHP should be considered on the basis of gestational age and birth weight. Recall rate and false positive rate markedly decrease in preterm infants and low birth weight infants when new cutoff levels of 17-OHP are applied.

A Case of Prader-Willi Syndrome with Bilateral Hutch Diverticula Associated with Vesicoureteral Reflux

Our patient is the first reported case of Prader-Willi syndrome(PWS) with bilateral Hutch's diverticula. We believe that hypotonia in PWS is associated with multiple bladder diverticula and vesicoureteral reflux. We conclude that PWS can be considered a possible associated syndrome in patients with multiple bladder diverticula.

A Case of Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor Arising from the Supratentorial Area / 소아과

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor may arise at any central nervous system location, but it is most commonly located in the cerebellum(60 percent). The incidence of this tumor remains unclear but it occurs most commonly in children less than 2 years of age. This highly malignant tumor shows a rapid progression and nonspecific radiologic findings. We report a case of primary intracranial atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor arising from the supratentorial area in early infancy. The diagnosis was made based on distinctive light microscopy and immunohistochemical findings. Despite aggressive surgical treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy, he died six months after his second operation.

Nutritional Assessment and the Effectiveness of Dietary Counseling in Infants and Young Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia

PURPOSE: Iron deficiency is still the most common nutrient deficient disorder despite the improvement in general health and nutrition. This study is designed to evaluate the dietary history of infants and young children with iron deficiency anemia(IDA) and the effects of nutritional counseling. METHODS: This study was conducted on 120 children from 6 to 36 months of age with IDA. Their parents completed a questionnaire and took counsel for nutrition. IDA was defined as Hb 1 g/dL after iron preparation. The questionnaire consisted of their feeding patterns, weaning time and kinds of food. RESULTS: In the 120 infants and young children aged from 6 to 36 months, the parents of 82 cases was counseled about nutrition. Fifty six infants among 82 cases have started weaning and the main foods of weaning were rice and/or rice gruel. Nutritional problems in weaning were that some children over one year of age were using a bottle, and parents restricted weaning food at will because of allergic disease or chronic disease. Most parents were satisfied with the nutritional counseling given from a clinical dietitian and showed good compliance. CONCLUSION: Many infants and young children with IDA were provided with non iron-fortified foods and made an inadequate wean. Most parents were satisfied with the nutritional counseling and showed good compliance. The need of dietary counseling was required for prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia because of inadequate weaning.

A Case of Centronuclear Myopathy

Centrinuclear myopathy, an uncommon condition, is one of the congenital myopathies. It is characterized by the presence of central nuclei of muscle cells which can be detected on electronmicroscopy. It is believed to arise as a result of maturational arrest with persistence of microtubes postnatally. We report a boy with generalized hypotonia and muscle weakness who was diagnosed as centrinuclear myopathy by muscle biopsy.